Gaussian Fluctuations of Characters of Symmetric Groups and of Young Diagrams

We study asymptotics of reducible representations of symmetric groups Sq for large q. We decompose such a representation as a sum of irreducible components (or, alternatively, Young diagrams) and we ask what is the character of a randomly chosen component (or, what is the shape of a randomly chosen Young diagram). Our main result is that for a large class of representations the fluctuations of characters (and fluctuations of the shape of Young diagrams) are Gaussian; in this way we generalize Kerov’s central limit theorem. The considered class consists of representations for which characters almost factorize and it includes, for example, left-regular representation (Plancherel measure), tensor representations and this class is closed under induction, restriction, outer product and tensor product of representations. Our main tool in the proof is the method of genus expansion, well known from the random matrix theory.